This Design Guidelines Manual for Evaporative Cooling addresses the relative Other factors, which we will see, must be stated along with flow rate m3/hr. The purpose of a cooling tower fan is to move a specified quantity of air through the system. Replace slat type drift eliminators with low pressure . . Cooling Tower Range, Cooling Tower efficiency calculation, Heat is rejected to the environment from cooling towers through the process of evaporation. In this Air flow depend on the surrounding Which establishes the difference in between the warmer air inside the tower and external atmosphere. To control the Cycle of Concentration blow down is given. The common practice of operation of cooling tower indicates a COC (Cycles of Concentration) of 5-6 with non-sea water. Sensible heat: heat transfer related to changes in water temperature. Cooling tower is a heat exchanger. The cooled water collects in a sump for return to the heat exchangers . COC or the Cycles Of Concentration is an abbreviation, used when talking about cooling water or cooling tower water. Natural Draft Tower:-. Column Lap length formula - 50d. What is COC cooling tower? Increase cycles of concentration (COC) by cooling water treatment helps reduce make up water 2. Cooling towers are used in many large buildings to remove the heat generated by computers, lights, people, etc., and can account for 40% or more of a building's water use. COC = Silica in cooling water / Silica in makeup water, #2. 750ppm (50C, pH=6-8) for circulating water. Remember, TRS can help with water saving designs and treatment systems. You can calculate COC in three different ways. The COC specifies, how often a fresh water added into the loop, can be used or pumped around, before the water has to blown down or bleed off from the cooling tower. Most tower systems operate with a COC between 3 and 10, 10 being more efficient. In cooling water tower system, bicarbonate used for corrosion inhibitors. Fans and motors Fans must overcome system resistance, pressure loss: impacts electricity use Install drift eliminators 4. You can also save large amount of water by operating cooling tower on higher COC. Is there any standard for this level? As the cooling water circulates the cooling tower part of water evaporates thereby increasing the total dissolved solids in the remaining water. FORMULA USED 1.Cooling tower range = Hot water temperature - Coldwater temperature 2. . Blowdown : B =, 4. COC = Cycle of Concentration. Operating Conditions Water Usage BTU (British-Thermal-Units): It is the requirement of Heat-Energy to increase the temperature by 1 o F of one-pond of water between 32 and 212 o F. Cooling Range: It is the temperature difference between cooling tower entering hot water and leaving cold water is cooling . 2. Water treatment chemicals utilized for cooling tower systems which contain molybdenum are prohibited in the JEA sanitary sewer. Refrigeration Systems. The fan output and kW input determines the fa. Evaporation is the major path to cool down the working fluid. Since the cooling coil is very cold, water droplets will form on the surface of the coil. Chlorides - Depends upon your TDS, Silica - (Suspended)less than 5 ppm. For example, a tower operating at a 450 gallons per minute recirculating rate (Cr) , 5 cycles of concentration, 10 DT, and 0.1% windage loss: %B + .1% = 1% / (5-1) In this system water recirculates according to design cycles of concentration which is also known as COC. A key thing to take note of is the impact this has on the amount of Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) in the water. Increasing Cycles of Concentration Video: Tower Tech Water Savings There is a lot written about the cycles of concentration (COC) term used in chemical treatment of cooling towers. Chemicals used in cooling tower water treatment are: Bicarbonate. BacComber system TDS 750 COC 7.5 Bleed loss (m3/hr) 0.998 Consider cooling tower only running 12hours/day most of the time; the operation hour will be 4380 hours per year (12hours x 365days). 07/28/2018 7:42 AM 4. Convective heat transfer ratio tower is operating at. Concrete Cover. Blowdown = [ Evaporative loss - (COC - 1) x Drift loss] / (COC - 1) Cycle of concentration is normally 3-4 cycles. of COC you want to maintain. The relationship of blowdown to evaporation and COC is shown by the. In a typical cooling tower: Warm water flows down to a countercurrent air stream. In the cooling tower water treatment system, the two main objectives are: 1) prevent fouling, scaling and corrosion of the equipment and 2) prevent loss of equipment functionality. = cooling tower efficiency (%) - the common range is between 70 - 75%. The primary system's purpose is to transfer thermal energy from a chill water loop to the atmosphere. COC = Make up water quantity / Blowdown water quantity, Formula#1, is general formula and you can use this formula in any type of water. Participant. Extension Length Formulas. Thanks ! 2.) Bicarbonate as known as Hydrogen Carbonate is a chemical compound with HCO3- formula. Cooling tower blowdown (CTBD) treatment The make-up water Cooling tower blowdown water treatment presents several challenges due to the high salt concentrations and chemicals added in the cooling tower. 2. Make up water consumption = Evaporation Loss/(coc-1) 7. This difference can be used to calculate the approximate amount of evaporation that has occurred in the cooling tower: T = TR TS Recirculation Rate The cooling tower brings colder air and hotter water into direct contact, so that the air has a potential to absorb moisture and heat from the water. Indirect electricity savings 3. Corrosion resistance tables nominate a chloride level of approx. While the formula for calculating COC is a little complicated, it's important to note that the higher the COC, the less blowdown will occur. . Forced draught towers are efficient than the . The following equation can be used for this calculation: Chlorides in tower water / Chlorides in make up water = Cycles of concentration For example, a tower operating at a 450 gallons per minute recirculating rate (C r) , 5 cycles of concentration, 10 T, and 0.1% windage loss: %B + .1% = 1% / (5-1) Water Efficiency. Cooling Tower Mathematics - Acid Feed Requirements What you need to Know? For the make up water of the cooling tower sea water which would be desalinated and clarified to a tds content of 32,000 ppm will be used. Rate of evaporation is approximately 1% of the circulation flow for each 10 F (5.56 C) of rise between the outlet and inlet across the tower. Drift loss is limited in the design of the cooling tower to 0.2% cooling water throughput. Generally the efficiency is around 70% and it is depend on , inlet and outlet temperature of air (db & wb), inlet and outlet temperature of the water. We can usually find bicarbonate commonly in sodium bicarbonate form, which is in baking soda. The following equation can be used for this calculation: Chlorides in tower water / Chlorides in make up water = Cycles of concentration. Bicarbonate as known as Hydrogen Carbonate is a chemical compound with HCO3- formula. E = 0.00085 x R x 1.8 x C, E = Evaporation Loss (m 3 /hr) R= Range, C = Circulating Cooling Water (m 3 /hr) Chemical treatment is essential for this system. This project aims to improve the chemical control 120,000 Gal cooling water system. Capacity of cooling Tower, Cooling Tower Approach / What is approach temperature in cooling tower? In particular, we calculated the make up water flowrate as 0.2%/K [46, 53] of the cooling water mass flowrate. 1. Figure 2 illustrates the relationship between cooling tower makeup and cycles of concentration. The term "induced draft" denotes that air is drawn by fans through the flow of falling water and up and out of the cooling tower. Answer (1 of 3): The cooling tower Heat load is calculated by the below formula: Heat Load=gpm*8.33*60*R where: gpm=flow rate of water in gallons per minute (you can convert units as you wish, but gpm is the standard unit used for cooling tower flow rates) 8.33 is a constant. COC = Silica in Cooling Water / Silica in Makeup Water, or, Makeup Alkalinity for Desired pH 70 ppm/4 COC 17.5 ppm Required Reduction in Cooling Water Alkalinity 200 -17.5 182 ppm Sulfuric Acid Required per ppm of Alkalinity Reduction Please update the following information as it applies to your tower needs: Gallons Per Minute. We can usually find bicarbonate commonly in sodium bicarbonate form, which is in baking soda. Cooling load Q 1 = m a (ha 2-ha 1) 9. 1. When all the fresh water is evaporated ( solids are still in the tower) the tower then refills itself with more fresh water and we have twice the solids in the tower. COC is best described as ratio of chloride content in circulation water and in makeup water. COC of Cooling Tower. How Cooling Towers Work: The Fundamentals. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is commonly used for systems with a maximum water temperature of 130F or less. The AHU blows air through the cooling coil and provides cooling to the room. . Total heat transfer Q = k*s (h w - h a) 8. by fans into the cooling tower and up through the flow of falling water in the cooling tower. The COC is controlled by periodic blowdown of a fraction of the cooling water, whose volume is replenished with makeup water. A cooling tower is designed to remove the total heat load that is extracted from the plant by reducing the CWR temperature to the CWS temperature. 2. 3. When water is removed from a Cooling Tower it must ultimately be replaced by make-up water. Reduce drift loss from 0.02 per cent to only 0.003 - 0.001 per cent. Piping arrangement for evaporative condenser cooler. It transfers heat from circulating water to the atmosphere. With cooling towers, most of the heat is transferred to the atmosphere through recirculating . 3. In a well-designed and operated cooling tower, even with a good water quality control system, a portion of this water in the cooling tower is constantly flushed to make sure that solids buildup does not damage the equipment. The inlet conditions of the air drive how much . Factor of 0.85 works out to be a reasonable approximation. Hook Length - 9d. The primary system components include a basin, four pumps, four heat exchangers, three cooling towers, and the required piping and valves. When the side stream filter is employed in the discharge of the cooling water recirculation pump discharge, the flow rate required for filtration through side stream filter can be calculated by the following formula: Side Stream Flow Rate, L/s = ( (ppm suspended solids in recirculating cooling water / 200) - 1)*Blowdown Rate, L/s - Metric 150 to 250ppm for aqueous solutions in contact with 316 SS. COC = Cycle of Concentration, 5. Increasing CoC helps to optimise the water usage in the cooling tower and effectively reduce blowdown. Type of Cooling Tower. Air Conditioning. This is ideal when thinking about maintaining an effective heat transfer during . Miscellaneous liquid loss is assumed to equal 15% of evaporation losses minus the drift losses. COC or the Cycles Of Concentration is an abbreviation, used when talking about cooling water or cooling tower water. The fan output or work done by the fan is the product of air flow and the pressure loss. The standard length of reinforcement bar - 12 metre or 40 feet. It consists of closely packed, corrugated, vertical sheets, which cause the water to flow down through the tower in a very thin film. Varies from 3.0 to 7.0 depending upon Manufactures Guidelines, Evaporation Loss Calculation, Evaporation Loss in the cooling tower is calculated by the following empirical equation. The term "fouling" is used to describe microbio fouling and is accelerated in the presence of suspended particulate matter. Use significant amount of water: 1. Mechanical Draft Towers:- Use Fans. Evaporative cooling will always follow the laws of Nature, so when hot and dry conditions exist, the properly designed and maintained evaporative system will always perform cooling, as sure as a thrown rock will fall to the ground. In a year, the bleed off water volume using BacComber system is 4371.24 m3. All images courtesy of Air Liquide. Part 2 of this two-part series on cooling tower efficiency covers key factors to consider when designing cooling tower water systems. TDS Levels and Cooling Towers 11/24/2009 2:05 PM. Blowdown = [Evaporative loss - (COC - 1) x Drift loss] / (COC - 1) Now, to figure out your total water loss and to figure out how much makeup water you need, you would use the formula M = D + E + B, with, M = Makeup water, D = Drift loss, E = Evaporation loss, B = Blowdown loss, Case Drift Rate COC Evaporation gpm Drift gpm Blowdown gpm Total Usage gpm 1 0.200% 3 389 40.0 154.5 583.5 Example System Result Evaporation Rate 16000 Ton Chiller Plant (or use Recirc. Blow down can be calculated from the formula: , = E/ (COC-1) , = Blow Down (m3/hr) , Development length for dowel bars - 16d. 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